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Frobenius covariant : ウィキペディア英語版
Frobenius covariant
In matrix theory, the Frobenius covariants of a square matrix are special polynomials of it, namely projection matrices ''A''''i'' associated with the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of .〔Roger A. Horn and Charles R. Johnson (1991), ''Topics in Matrix Analysis''. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-46713-1〕 They are named after the mathematician Ferdinand Frobenius.
Each covariant is a projection on the eigenspace associated with the eigenvalue .
Frobenius covariants are the coefficients of Sylvester's formula, which expresses a function of a matrix as a matrix polynomial, namely a linear combination
of that function's values on the eigenvalues of .
==Formal definition==
Let be a diagonalizable matrix with distinct eigenvalues, ''λ''1, …, ''λ''''k''.
The Frobenius covariant , for ''i'' = 1,…, ''k'', is the matrix
: A_i \equiv \prod_^k \frac (A - \lambda_j I)~.
It is essentially the Lagrange polynomial with matrix argument. As an idempotent projection matrix to a one-dimensional subspace, it has a unit trace.

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